Dr. Victor J. Hruby is a prominent figure in peptide research, particularly recognized for his contributions to the design and synthesis of novel peptide hormones. With over four decades dedicated to peptide chemistry, Dr. Hruby’s work has significantly influenced therapeutic applications, including Melanotan II. His research on receptor-selective hormone analogs has been pivotal in advancing treatments targeting the melanocortin system.
Dr. Hruby’s notable publications include:
Dr. Hruby has been distinguished with multiple honors for his authoritative contributions, including the ACS Ralph F. Hirschmann Award in peptide chemistry. His innovative approaches to peptide synthesis and receptor interaction studies underscore his expertise and the trust placed in his scholarship.
Dr. Mac E. Hadley was a pivotal researcher in the field of melanocortin peptides, celebrated for his work on melanocyte-stimulating hormones and their analogs. His studies have been instrumental in elucidating the biological roles of melanocortin and its synthetic counterparts, including Melanotan II, in pigmentation and appetite control.
Key publications by Dr. Hadley include:
Dr. Hadley’s legacy is marked by his deep expertise and prolific research output, which has provided critical insights into the complex roles of peptide hormones. His contributions are continually referenced in the field, highlighting his enduring influence on peptide pharmacology and therapy development. Dr. Hadley received numerous accolades for his groundbreaking work, reinforcing the trust and high regard held by the scientific community.
Devlin, J., Pomerleau, A., & Foote, J. (2013). Melanotan II overdose associated with priapism. Clinical Toxicology, 51(4), 383. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2013.784775
Dorr, R. T., Lines, R., Levine, N., Brooks, C., Xiang, L., Hruby, V. J., & Hadley, M. E. (1996). Evaluation of Melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study. Life Sciences, 58(20), 1777–1784. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(96)00160-9
Eliason, N. L., Martin, L., Low, M. J., & Sharpe, A. L. (2022). Melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan-II microinjected in the nucleus accumbens decreases appetitive and consumptive responding for food. Neuropeptides, 96, 102289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2022.102289
Gao, L., Yu, Z., Meng, D., Zheng, F., Ong, Y., Miao, P., Lee, S., & Wen, L. (2015). Analogue of Melanotan II (MTII): A Novel Melanotropin with Superpotent Action on Frog Skin. Protein and Peptide Letters, 22(8), 762–766. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929866522666150622101944
Gilhooley, E., Daly, S., & McKenna, D. (2021). Melanotan II User Experience: A Qualitative study of online discussion forums. Dermatology, 237(6), 995–999. https://doi.org/10.1159/000514492
Giuliano, F., Clément, P., Droupy, S., Alexandre, L., & Bernabé, J. (2005). Melanotan-II: Investigation of the inducer and facilitator effects on penile erection in anaesthetized rat. Neuroscience, 138(1), 293–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.11.008
Hjuler, K. F., & Lorentzen, H. F. (2013). Melanoma Associated with the Use of Melanotan-II. Dermatology, 228(1), 34–36. https://doi.org/10.1159/000356389
Jain, S., Panyutin, A., Liu, N., Xiao, C., Piñol, R. A., Pundir, P., Girardet, C., Butler, A. A., Dong, X., Gavrilova, O., & Reitman, M. L. (2018). Melanotan II causes hypothermia in mice by activation of mast cells and stimulation of histamine 1 receptors. AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism, 315(3), E357–E366. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00024.2018
Mallory, C. W., Lopategui, D. M., & Cordon, B. H. (2021). Melanotan tanning injection: a rare cause of priapism. Sexual Medicine, 9(1), 100298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2020.100298
McMillan, T. R., Forster, M. a. M., Short, L. I., Rudecki, A. P., Cline, D. L., & Gray, S. L. (2020). Melanotan II, a melanocortin agonist, partially rescues the impaired thermogenic capacity of pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide deficient mice. Experimental Physiology, 106(2), 427–437. https://doi.org/10.1113/ep088838
Minakova, E., Lang, J., Medel-Matus, J., Gould, G. G., Reynolds, A., Shin, D., Mazarati, A., & Sankar, R. (2019). Melanotan-II reverses autistic features in a maternal immune activation mouse model of autism. PLoS ONE, 14(1), e0210389. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210389
Nelson, M. E., Bryant, S. M., & Aks, S. E. (2012). Melanotan II injection resulting in systemic toxicity and rhabdomyolysis. Clinical Toxicology, 50(10), 1169–1173. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2012.740637
Paiva, L., Sabatier, N., Leng, G., & Ludwig, M. (2016). Effect of Melanotan‐II on brain FoS immunoreactivity and oxytocin neuronal activity and secretion in rats. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.12454
Peters, B., Hadimeri, H., Wahlberg, R., & Afghahi, H. (2020). Melanotan II: a possible cause of renal infarction: review of the literature and case report. CEN Case Reports, 9(2), 159–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13730-020-00447-z
Ter Laak, M. P., Brakkee, J. H., Adan, R. A., Hamers, F. P., & Gispen, W. H. (2003). The potent melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan-II promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and has neuroprotective properties in the rat. European Journal of Pharmacology, 462(1–3), 179–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02945-x
Todorovic, M., Blanc, A., Wang, Z., Lozada, J., Froelich, J., Zeisler, J., Zhang, C., Merkens, H., Benard, F., & Perrin, D. M. (2024). 5‐Hydroxypyrroloindoline affords tryptathionine and 2,2′‐bis‐Indole peptide staples: application to Melanotan‐II. Chemistry – a European Journal, 30(19). https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202304270
Tomassi, S., Dimmito, M. P., Cai, M., D’Aniello, A., Del Bene, A., Messere, A., Liu, Z., Zhu, T., Hruby, V. J., Stefanucci, A., Cosconati, S., Mollica, A., & Di Maro, S. (2022). CLIPSing Melanotan-II to discover multiple functionally selective HMCR agonists. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 65(5), 4007–4017. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01848
Wekwejt, P., Wojda, U., & Kiryk, A. (2023). Melanotan-II reverses memory impairment induced by a short-term HF diet. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 165, 115129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115129
Wessells, H., Levine, N., Hadley, M., Dorr, R., & Hruby, V. (2000). Melanocortin receptor agonists, penile erection, and sexual motivation: human studies with Melanotan II. International Journal of Impotence Research, 12(S4), S74–S79. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3900582
Wolters, F. L., De Vocht, T. F., Klis, S. F., Hamers, F. P., & Smoorenburg, G. F. (2002). Co-treatment with melanotan-II, a potent melanocortin, does not protect against cisplatin ototoxicity. Hearing Research, 172(1–2), 110–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(02)00551-8
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